Glossary: TTeam Policing. An effort at decentralization of police that took place in the late 1960s and early 1970s; involved small police units having responsibility for small geographic areas. Technical Violation. Grounds for parole or probation revocation for a violation of a condition of release. Tennessee v. Garner [471 U.S. 1 (1985)]. Overruled the common law "fleeing felon rule", deciding that deadly force could not be used to prevent escape unless there is a present danger of death or serious bodily injury to officers or others. Terrorism. The use of violence to promote political or social change. Terry v. Ohio [392 U.S. 1 (1968)]. See Stop and Frisk. Terry Stop. See Stop and Frisk. Testimonial Evidence. Statements made by a witness. Theory. A statement of cause and effect that attempts to explain or predict a behavior or event. Note: This term varies in complexity depending on whether one takes a philosophical view or a purely scientific view. Thin Blue Line. A metaphor that describes the police as a barrier between criminals and law abiding citizens. Three Strikes. Legislation that provides life terms for offenders who have been convicted of three or more serious crimes. Tiers. Different floor levels in correctional facilities. Tithing. A system of criminal justice found in medieval England where citizens were held responsible for the behavior of those in their group. Tort. A private wrong that causes harm to another. Tort Action. A legal proceeding in which a plaintiff is seeking damages for some civil wrong. Tort Reform. Action taken to revise the rules governing tort actions; the most common reform proposal is to place limits on money awards. Totality of Circumstances. A type of legal analysis where all relevant factors must be considered and no one particular factor is paramount. Total Quality Management (TQM). See full article titled Total Quality Management. Trafficking. Movement of contraband across borders; most often used to describe drugs and weapons. Transcripts. A written record of a court proceeding. Transfer. A proceeding where it is determined if juveniles should be certified as adults for purposes of being tried in adult court. See full article titled Transfer of Juveniles to Adult Court Transportation. A punishment used in England during the Eighteenth century whereby convicts were shipped to America or other colonies. Treasury Employees v. Von Raab. [489 U.S. 656 (1989)]. "The Service's testing of employees who apply for promotion to positions directly involving the interdiction of illegal drugs, or to positions that require the incumbent to carry firearms, is reasonable despite the absence of a requirement of probable cause or of some level of individualized suspicion." Trial. An adversarial proceeding where a defendant's guilt or innocence can be impartially determined. Trail de Novo. Literally, a "new trail." Most often this term is used when a court of record hears an appeal from a lower court that does not keep trial transcripts and so must rehear the entire case. Trial Delays. Legitimate reasons that may cause delay in the start of a trial. Trial Jury. See Petit Jury. Tribal Police. Special agencies that provide policing services on Native American reservations. Tribunal. A court. Truants. Juveniles who are absent from school without a valid excuse. True Bill. A decision by a grand jury that sufficient evidence exists that a crime was committed and a particular person committed it; an indictment. Truth in Sentencing. Legislation designed to maximize the time served for committing a crime.
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