Unit 4

Respond to the questions below in an ESSAY format.  (Definitions can be a single sentence).

Corrections

1. Define Community Corrections.

2. Define probation and briefly describe the history and extent of probation in the United States.

3. Define conditions of parole/probation, discussing the difference between general conditions and special conditions.

4. Discuss probation revocation.

5. Define parole and discuss the extent of its use in the United States.

Parole Board

Parole Violation

Parole Revocation

Restitution

6. List and explain the advantages of parole.

7. List and explain the disadvantages of parole.

8. Explain the impact of the following court cases on probation and parole in the United States:

Griffin v. Wisconsin

Escoe v. Zerbst

Gagnon v. Scarpelli

Morrissey v. Brewer

Greenholtz v. Nebraska

Bearden v. Georgia

Minnesota v. Murphy

9. Briefly describe the federal probation system.

10. Briefly describe the job of probation and parole officers (Hint: There are four general functions).

11. Discuss the challenges of the probation/parole officer's job.

social work v. corrections

caseload

lack of career opportunity

12. Define Intermediate Sanction.

13. List and describe the most common forms of intermediate sanction.

Split Sentencing

Shock Probation

Shock Incarceration

Mixed Sentence

Community Service

Intensive Probation Supervision (IPS)

Home Confinement

14. Describe the probable future of probation and parole in the United States.

15. Define prison.

16. Describe the recent dramatic growth of prisons.

17.  Discuss the disparities by race and gender in our prisons.

18. What are most people sent to prison for on the state level?  Federal?

19. Discuss the Justice Model.

20. Briefly discuss the issue of prison overcrowding.

Prison Capacity

Rated Capacity

Operational Capacity

Design Capacity

Rhodes v. Chapman

21. Define and discuss the prevalence of recidivism.

22. List and describe the various security levels found in prisons.

23.  Briefly discuss the federal prison system including its history and the five custody levels used. 

24. Define jail.

25. How many jails are there? How many people are in them?  What are the majority of those people there for?

26.  Describe some of the important issues surrounding women in jails.

27. Describe the rapid growth of jails in recent history.

28. Define and discuss the logic of direct-supervision jails.

29. Define and discuss the logic of regional jails.

30. Discuss the idea of prison privatization.  What is the role of private prisons in American corrections?

Leading Cases in this Unit

[Griffin v. Wisconsin | Escoe v. Zerbst | Gagnon v. Scarpelli | Morrissey v. Brewer | Greenholtz v. Nebraska | Bearden v. Georgia | Minnesota v. Murphy ]

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